The peer-to-peer overlay structure provides many new opportunities for user level development and applications, but also unfortunately causes a serious topology mismatch between P2P overlay networks and the physical network. Since the mismatch generates a huge amount of unnecessary traffic and wastes bandwidth, it seriously limits the scalability of P2P networks of any type. We have made a concentrated effort to intensively and insightfully analyze the mismatch problem, and to develop several decentralized and scalable effective methods to alleviate the mismatch problem. Our solutions are able to timely match the logical topology with the physical topology to significantly improve the search efficiency.

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